Apparatus for making non-conducting coverings.



PATENTED NOV. 22, 1904:.

J. A. MGGONNELL. APPARATUS FOR MAKING NON-CONDUCTING OOVERINGSLAPPLICATION FILLED FEB 131902.

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A? e N PATENTED Nov. 22, 1904.

J. A. MQCONNELL.

APPARATUS FOR. MAKING NON-CONDUCTING oovmmas.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 13, 1902.

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No. 775,538. 4 A PATBNTED NOV 22, 1904.

- J. A. MCGONNELL.

APPARATUS FOR, MAKING NON-GONDUOTING OOVERINGS.

APPLIGATION FILED FEB 13, 1902.

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No. 775,538. 7 PATENTED NOV. 22, 1904.

J. A. MCOONNELL.

APPARATUS FOR MAKING NON-CONDUCTING GOVBRINGS.

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. No. 775,538. PATENTED NOV. 22, 1904.

J. A. MCGONNELL.

APPARATUS FOR MAKING NON-CONDUCTING COVERINGS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB 13,1902.

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QZd/ M- 02 4' Wm No. 775,538. PATENTED ov. 22, 1.904. J. A. MCGONNELL.APPARATUS FOR MAKING NON-CONDUCTING oovmmes.

APPLICATION FILED FEB 13, 1902.

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PATENTED NOV, .22, 1904.

(I. A. MOGONNELL. APPARATUS FOR MAKING NON-CONDUCTING GOVERINGS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 13, 1902.

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UNITED STATES Patented November 22, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN A. MOOONNELL, OF ALLEGHENY, PENNSYLVANIA. ASSIGNOR TO MOOONNELLASBESTOS & COVERING (30., OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYL- VANIA, A CORPORATION OFPENNSYLVANIA.

APPARATUS FOR MAKING NON-CONDUCTING COVERINGS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 775,538, dated November22, 1904.

I Application filed February 13, 1902. Serial No. 93,933. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN A. MCGONNELL, a resident of Allegheny, in thecounty of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new anduseful Improvement in Apparatus for Making Non-Conducting Coverings; andI do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription thereof.

My invention relates to apparatus for making non-heat-conductingcoverings for steampipes, refrigerator-pipes, boilers, and the likewhich are constructed of several independent layers of paper, felt,asbestos, or other suitable non-heat-conducting material. i

In the manufacture of tubular non-heats conducting coverings of thischaracter it has been the custom to wrap the paper, felt, or otherfibrous sheets around a mandrel until the desired thickness isbuilt up.It was then removed from the mandrel and cut open longitudinally topermit its being placed upon the pipe or other body upon which it is tobe used. In wrapping the layers around the mandrel they were cementedtogether so that the finished tube was very stifi, so that it wasdifficult to open up the same to place it about the pipe or other body.Hence it has been the custom to cut the tubular covering into halveslongitudinally, thus making two longitudinal joints which ran directlyfrom the exterior to the interior of the covering, thereby forming twoshort and straight passages for the escape of heat or the admission ofcold and also destroying the natural elasticity or recoil of thematerial and making the coverings entirely dependent upon externalbindings to hold pipes and a very much less quantity for larger sizes.

It is the object of my invention to provide apparatus for making tubularcoverings of this kind'whereby the same is formed progressively or atquick intervals from strips of paper,

so that almost an unlimited quantity of covj ering can be made in a day,and whereby such covering can be provided with a longitudinal jointwhich is either overlapping or interlocking, tongued and grooved, U, V,orL shaped, or circuitous, so that an out-of-line joint is providedwhich prevents the escape of heat from the pipe or other body coveredthereby.

A further object of my invention is to provide apparatus for makingtubular coverings having only a single longitudinal joint, so that thenatural elasticity or recoil of the materials is retained, which may befurther increased by moistening the same/during process of manufactureand then holding the tube in shape until dry.

A further object of my invention is to provide apparatus for'makingcoverings of this kind having the layers united in such a manner thatthey will move upon each other, so that the tubular sections Will openup easily when placing them about the pipe and without the necessity ofcutting them into halves.

To these ends my invention consists, generally stated, in providingmeans whereby strips or layers of paper, felt, asbestos, or otherfibrous sheets or any suitable material whatever are laid one uponthe'other until the desired thickness of covering is obtained and thenbent progressively into a tube or other suitable shape having alongitudinal joint.

My invention also consists in providing means for suitably securing thesaid strips or layers of fibrous material together, in combination withmeans for holding the edges of the respective sheets on desired linewhile being drawn through themachine, means for drawing them throughforming-bells or other devices, whereby they are bent into tubular form,the diameter of the covering-tube being gaged outside by the size of theforming bell or tube instead of by an internal. mandrel. as heretofore,and means for cutting the formedtube into sections of suitable length.

The invention further consists in providing means for dampening one ormore of the strips during the process of manufacture, which dampness isafterward communicated to the other strips, and providing means whichafter the strips are bent into tubular form hold the same in such shapeuntil dry, thereby imparting a permanent set thereto and which bindingsalso serve to hold'the coverings permanently on the pipes.

In short, my invention consists of apparatus whereby such tubularcovering can be formed progressively and practically continuously fromstrips or layers of fibrous material, thereby greatly increasing theoutput and providing a pipe-covering having a single longitudinal joint.

' To enable others to construct and use my apparatus, I will describethe same more fully, referring to the accompanying drawings, in whichFigure 1 is a side view of the apparatus, partly in section. Fig. 2 is aplan view of the same, partly in section. Fig. 8 is a side view of thefront end of the apparatus. Fig. 4 is a similar view of the centralportion thereof, partly in section. Fig. 5 is a similar view of the rearend thereof. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the forming bell or funnel.Fig. 7 is a rear end view of the same. Fig. 8 is a cross-section throughthe apparatus,disclosing the means for dampening the strips. Fig. 9 isan enlarged sectional detail of one of the dam pening-pipes. Fig. 10 isa sectional detail of the ring or band applying means. Fig. 11 is an endview, partly in section, of the draw-' ing clamp or tongs. Fig. 12 is aside view, partly in section, of the same. Fig. 13 isa side view, partlyin section, of a modified form of stand or trough for holding the stripsof material. Figs. 14 and 15 are cross-sections on the lines 14 14 and15 15, respectively, Fig. 13. Fig. 16 is a plan view of a modifiedforming-bell. Figs. 17, 18, and 19 are crosssections of the same on thelines 17 17, 18 18,

and 19 19, respectively. Fig. 20 is a longitudinal section showingdrawing-rolls. Fig. 21 is a longitudinal section of the eorrugatingmechanism. Fig. '22 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 23 is across-section on the line 23 23, Fig. 22. Fig. 24is a longitudinalsection of a modification for supplying loose fibrous material, and Fig.25 is a plan view of the'same.

The strips of paper or other fibrous material from which the covering isto be made are supported in any desired way so that the said strips canbe laid one'upon the other; but I prefer to wind said strips upon spoolsor rollers 1 1 and support the latter in the stand or trough 2, onebehind the other and in a slightly-inclined position, so that the ofpaper or other material coming from the same also of the same width; butit will be obvious that the strips may be made of difl'erent widths andlaid out of line with each other, if desired, to form covering such asdescribed in my application filed August 4:, 1900, Serial No. 25,907, orthey may be laid with each layer narrower than the preceeding one tocause the edges of-all to come into line when the tube is formed andform a straight joint. It is also obvious that these strips may, ifdesired, be plain or corrugated either transversely or longitudinally,as described in my application aforesaid. If it is desired to give thecovering a lining of asbestos or other soft material, a strip of suchmaterial will be supported on a spool 3 in front of the trough 2 or inthe front end thereof. After the desired number of strips have been laidone upon the other they are secured together in any suitable manneras,for instance, by being stitched together along their longitudinalcenters, as shown, by means of any suitable stitching or sewingmechanism 4. In lieu of stitching the same together the said strips maybe united by stapling or even by pasting. From the stitching mechanism4. the strips pass between two plain-faced feed-rollers 5 6, the'latterbeing adjustable up and down, as by means of the screws 7, in order tofirmly bite the assembled strips. These feed-rollers may be driven inany approved manner; but I prefer to drive them from the stitchingmechanism, so as to operate in unison therewith and serve as a feedtherefor. This is conveniently accomplished by providing the shaft ofthe stitching mechanism with an eccentric 8, on which is a strap whichis connected by the rod 9 to the outer end of a ratchet-lever 10, theinner end of which is mounted on the journal of the roller 5. The latteris provided with a ratchet face or wheel 11, which is engaged by thepawl on the lever 10. By these means the roller 5 is given astep-by-step rotary movement, as will be readily understood, therebyprogressively drawing or feeding the strips through the stitchingmechanism. From the feed-rollers 5 and 6 the united strips pass onto thetable 12 and thence to the tube-forming bell. Inasmuch as in thepreferred form of my apparatus the subsequent forward movement of theassembled strips is intermittent, as will hereinafter appear, and it isdesirable to operate the stitching mechanism continuously, I providemeans whereby the united strips may form a loop after leaving thefeeding-rollers 5 6. This is conveniently accomplished by leaving a gapbetween the table 12 and the end of the table 13, upon which theforming-bell is located,the loop l iofmaterial bending downinto thisgap. To prevent kinking of the layers when bending into this loop, Imake the table 12 three or four feet long, so as to support the materialafter it leaves the feed-rollers. The end of the table 13 is providedwith a roller 15, so that the material can pass up onto said table withthe least friction. This table is also provided on one or both sideswith a gage or guide 16, which engages the edges of the combined stripsand guides them to the formingbell.

It is generally desirable to make the outside of a tubular coverconsiderably wider than the others, so as to form a flap to cover thejoint and aid in fastening the covering to the pipe. The lowermost layerwill therefore preferably be wider than the others, and as the trough 2is preferably about the width of the other strips, so as to aline thesame, the spool or roller for thelowermost strip will be supported belowthe trough 2, as at 17, and said strip will be led directly from saidspool to the table of the stitching mechanism 4:. To permit this widerouter layer to pass to the forming-bell, I provide the gages 16 or atleast one of them with a crevice or groove 18, through which theprojecting edge of the outer layer will pass. Preferably said layer willproject at both edges, but a greater distance at one side than on theother, as shown in Fig. 8. It is also generally desirable to form theoutside sheathing of some tough strong material, such as canvas, andcement the same upon the outer surface of the tubular covering outsideof the stitching which holds the other layers together. To apply suchsheathing, I provide a spool or mandrel 19 in close proximity to thefeed-rolls 5 and 6, preferably placing this spool under the ta ble 12.Between this spool and the feed-rollers 5 and 6 I place a paste-trough20, in which a paste-roller 21 is arranged to revolve, and guide-rollers22 are arranged on one or both sides of the trough.

The sheathing material is wound on the spool 19, and the latter is thenplaced in position, as shown. The sheathing is drawn from the spool andcaused to press tightly upon the upper surface of the paste-roller 21.The resulting friction revolves the paste-roller, or it may bepower-driven, and a film of glutinous material is carried by the surfaceof the roller and spread upon the under surface of the canvas or othersheathing. The sheathing then changes its direction and passes to thefeed-rollers, thus turning over and bringing the glutinous coatedsurface uppermost into contact with the outer layer of the unitedstrips. Passing through the feed-rollers in that position the glutinouscoated sheathing is pressed against the outer surface of the combinedstrips and caused to adhere to the same. If desired, the sheathing andouter layer of the covering-tube may be first cemented together by aseparate operation, then wound upon the described spool, and united tothe outside of the combined strips either before or after passing thestitching-machine.

When it is desired to moisten one or more of the strips, so as to give aset to the finished tubular article, such moistening can be convenientlyaccomplished as soon as the strips pass onto the table 13. As a suitablemeans for this I provide the spray-pipes 23, extending inwardly at anangle, as shown, toward the center of the table and projecting betweenthe layers. These pipes are provided with perforations whereby moisturecan be communicated to the strips, and they are connected to anysuitable water-supply pipe 2 1. One or more pairs of these pipes can beused as desired or necessary, two pairs being shown in Fig. 8. In lieuof these pipes Imay moisten one or more strips by drawing the samethrough a trough of water before it reaches the stitching-machine orotherwise saturate it. After being dampened the combined strips aregiven the desired form, and usually they will be-coiled into tubularform. To accomplish this rapidly and progressively, I draw said combinedstrips through a suitable forming ring or bell. This may vary greatly inshape and length from a simple ring to a con- Voluted funnel. A bellsuitable for this purpose is shown at 25 in Figs. 6 and 7, and it startsas a flat plate 26 and passes gradually into circular form at 27 withone edge 28 below or inside the other edge 29, so as to cause the edgesof the tubular covering to overlap. A hook 30 is also put at the mouthof the bell for pressing one edge down so the other will overlap. Incase a butt-joint is desired the two edges of the bell will be at thesame height, or, in other words, the delivery end of said bell will bepractically a circle. If it is desired to form tubular coverings havingmore than a single convolution or winding, the bell will be givencorresponding convolutions toward its delivery end. Such a bell is shownin Figs. 16, 17, 18, and 19, and it has one of its edges rolled in underthe other, so

that at its delivery end two full convolutions are formed, as seen inFig. 19. To hold the layers down in the bell, so that they will coilsmoothly, I provide a roller 30, which is suitably mounted, so as to runon the material as it begins to form in the bell. The combined stripsare drawn through the bell by mechanism hereinafter described and areprogressively and rapidly bent into tubular form.

After the combined strips are bent intotubular form it is desirable tohold them in that form until the dampness has permeated throughout thelayers and the tube has again dried, so that a permanent set will begiven thereto. It is therefore necessary to apply some form of tape,band, or ring to the tubular covering. These bands or rings can beapplied by hand; but I prefer to apply them lot , shaft 41.

by suitable mechanism. For this purpose I place at the rear end of thebell or funnel a tube 31, through which the tubular covering is drawnand upon which tube are supported a number of rings or bands 32, whichare fed gradually one by one off the rear end of said tube onto thetubular covering as. it emerges therefrom. As a convenient means forfeeding said bands or rings off the tube 31 I surround the latter with aring or annular follower 33, which is engaged by arms 34 on a frame 35.The latter is guided on the rod 36 and is fed along gradually by meansof a screw 37, engaging a threaded block 38, secured to the frame 35. Inlieu of the screw 37 and frame I may employ any other suitable means forgradually shoving the rings or hands off the tube 31 and onto thetubular covering as it emerges from said tube.

The screw 37 may be driven by any suitable mechanism, such as thebevel-gear 39, engaged by a similar pinion 40 on a counter- The latteris provided with the spur-gear 42, which is connected by theintermediate idler 43 with a spur-gear 44 on the main drive-shaft 45.The latter is provided with a pulley 46 or other suitable means forreceiving the power. When I desire the screw to act intermittently, Isubstitute a mu tilated gear for the gear 44 on the main drive- Shaft.

In order to progressively bend the combined strips into tubular form, itis necessary that they be drawn through the forming hell or funnel.Various forms of mechanism for this purpose may be employed, and inFigs. 1, 2, 5, 11, and 12 I have illustrated mechanism whereby thetubular covering is intermittently drawn forward. This mechanismcomprises a pair of grasping-tongs 47, the ends of which aresemicylindrical, as shown, in order to get a firm hold on the tubularcovering. These tongs have suitable levers 48 pivoted together at 49 andtraveling on the guide-rod 50. The tongs are adapted to be drawnforward, then released from the tube, returned to the starting position,again caused to grasp the tube, and again drawn forward, and so oncontinuously. As a convenient means for accomplishing these movements Ihave provided a sprocket-chain, and preferably two such chains, 52 and53, one on each side of the tongs, so that the latter can be evenlymoved without danger of canting or binding. These sprocket-chains passaround suitable sprocket wl1eels 54 at their ends, and in order to keepthem from sagging guiding sprocket-wheels 55 are located approximatelymidway of the length thereof. The arms or levers 48 of the tongs areengaged by a suitable frame 57, which is provided with a transverse pin58, lying between the arms of the tongs, and with suitable rollers 59,lying outside of each of said arms. This frame is provided on its twoopposite sides with studs or pintles 60, which are secured to orsuitably engaged with the sprocket-chains 52 and 53. The frame 57 iscarried along by the sprocketchains, and when it passes over the rearsprocket wheels 54 it is carried downward from the full-line positionshown in Fig. 11 to the dotted-line position shown therein. The effectof this is to carry the pin 58 down between the arms 48 of the tongs andseparate them, thereby causing the said tongs to open and release thetubular covering. The further travel of the frame with thesprocket-chains carries the tongs back to the forward end of saidchains, and as the frame passes up around the-forward sprocket-wheelsthe rollers 59 ride up the outer faceof the levers 48, thereby closingthe tongs and causing the same to grasp the tubular covering so that inthe further movement of the chain the tubular covering is drawn forwardthrough the forming hell or funnel. By this means the tubular coveringis drawn in an intermittent course through the forming devices.

The sprocket-chains 52 and 53 may be driven in any convenient way, and Ihave shown them driven, by means of a sprocket-chain 61,

ing-bell employ rolls 62 and 63, in the con tact-surfaces of which Iform grooves of the diameter which I desire to give the outside of thecovering, as shown in Fig. 20. These rolls may be driven in any desiredway, as by the gear 64, driven by a belt or other power.

NVhen I desire these rolls to stop periodically to allow the tube tostand still while being sawed, I mutilate the gear 64, as shown.

To prevent the fibrous tube from crushing where grasped by the tongs, Iprovide a traveling mandrel 65 about a foot long and of proper size atits greatest diameter to fit the inside of the tube that is beingformed. This mandrel I make somewhat pointed at its rear end, as shown,so that when being drawn back inside the tube it will not catch on theinner surface thereof. To prevent the tongs from. slipping in the tube,I may form a shoulder on this mandrel, as shown at 66, so placed thatthe tongs will grapple around the smaller part of the mandrel, and thuscompress the material of thetube somewhat behind this shoulder andprevent slipping. I may accomplish the same result by makingcorrugations around the part of the mandrel that is to be grasped andmaking annular corrugations on the inside surface of the grasping jawsof the tongs, so that the ribs will press the material into thedepressions of the mandrel, and vice versa. The larger diame- Thesprocketto travel.

ter portion of the mandrel as it is drawn through the tube smooths outany roughness that may be thus caused by the tongs. For this reason theportion of the mandrel having the largest diameter is made smooth. it isnecessary to have this mandrel travel forward the length of a sectionand then back in unison with the tongs, so as to be in a position to begrasped by the tongs. To accom: plish this, I provide a cord or chain 67and attach one end of same to the rear end of the mandrel, then pass thesame through the tube that is being formed to a pulley located at apoint, as at 68, where multiple sheets have not yet assumed sufficienttubular form to prevent the cord passing within the same. The cord orchain then rises a few feet, so as to be overhead, and then passes overthe pulley 69 and back over other guide-pulleys preferably beyond thesaw, which cuts off the sections. It here passes over a pulley 70 andback down to a point approximating a level with the pivot of the tongarms or levers, where it passes around a pulley 71 and back to the tongsand is attached to them, as shown. The mandrel is positioned inside thetube at the point where the tongs will grasp around both tube andmandrel. The tongs will carry the mandrel forward along with the tubesix feet or whatever distance the tongs are caused Then when the graspof the tongs is released and said tongs travel back they will throughthe chain 67 pull the mandrel through the tube an equal distance, sothat it is always in position to be grasped by the tongs.

By the mechanism as far as described the strips of paper are formed intoa tube by drawing the same through the bell or funnel 25 and through thetube 31, and as it emerges from said tube the bands or rings 32 areapplied thereto. The continuous tubular covering is then cut intosections of suitable lengthssay six feetby any convenient means. Forthis purpose I have shown a saw 73, which is mounted in the lower end ofa swinging frame 74, pivoted to the drivingshaft 75 and driven by asuitable belt 76, connecting pulleys on the driving-shaft 75 andsaw-arbor, as will be readily understood. This saw will be swung acrossthe course of the tubular covering at the proper time and sever the sameinto lengths. When I desire to cut the tube into man y short sections, 1employ a gang of saws. It is desirable that the saw be swung to severthe tube by mechanical means and at just the proper time in theoperation of the machine. There are many ways in which the saw may begiven this alternate back-and-forth motion, and as a convenient andpreferred means for doing this I have provided a sprocket-chain 77,which is similar to the sproket-chain 52 and mounted on sprocket-wheelson the same shafts with the sprocket-wheels 54. To this sprocketchain 77is attached the lower end of a lever 78, which is pivoted at its upperend to the ceiling or other support. To the lever is secured one end ofa rope 79 or the like which passes around the guide-pulley 80, suitablysupported, and has its other end attached to the swinging saw-frame 74.The rope is attached to the lever 78 at such a point and is of such alength that it will not bring the saw into contact with the tubularcovering until after the latter has been released by the tongs and willthen draw the saw across the course of said covering. A weight or springattached to the opposite side of the saw-frame swings the saw back outof the course of such covering before the tongs again grasp the same. Toprevent shock when the saw strikes the tube and to yieldingly draw thesame through, a spring 80 or other flexible member is placed in the cord79.

Until sawed the tube-sections are supported on the inclined table 81,from which they roll away of their own accord on any suitable supports,preferably down inclined skids or rails 82. I

When forming coverings provided with a tongue-and-groove joint, I usethe form of This trough 2 is so constructed are out of line with thoseat either end. As

shown in Fig. 13, the four middle spools 1" are set or jogged to oneside with reference to the spools 1 at either end. This will be evidentfrom an inspection of Figs. 14 and 15. In the former the middle spools lare shown in front and slightly to the left of those at the farther endof the trough, and a board 83 is placed inside of the trough on therighthand side thereof, while in Fig. 15 the spools 1 at the forward endof the trough are shown in front of and slightly to the right of thoseat the middle. portion thereof, and the board 83 is on the left-handside of the trough. At its middle portion the trough is provided with agroove 84 near the bottom on the right-hand side, while at its forwardend the said trough is provided on the right-hand side with a projectingtongue 85 and on the left-hand side with a groove 86. both slightlyabove the bottom. The layers or strips from the rear set of spools areguided to the bottom of the trough with one edge in the groove 84. Thosefrom the spools at the forward end of the trough are laid on the top andabove the tongue 85 and groove 86, while those from the spools at themiddle of the trough are guided in between these two and out of linewith the same, with one edge in the groove 86 and the other against thetongue 85. In this way the strips are laid together so as to form atongue on one edge and a groove on the other, and in this position theyare led to the stitching mechanism and there secured together. Thesubsequent operation is the same as that above described. Crossrods 87are preferably IIO stretched across the trough to guide the sets ofstrips and to separate the central layers from'those above and thosebelow the same.

When it is desired to form coverings from. paper having longitudinalcorrugations or flutings, it will be necessary to change the form ofsupport for the rolls or spools and to provide fiuting or corrugatingapparatus. Figs. 21, 22, and 23 show apparatus for forming suchcoverings, and I believe that the in Fig. 22, so as to begin thegrooving or corrugating at the center of the sheet and gradually andprogressively narrow. the same, drawing it in from both sides. These twosets of rolls are mounted in suitable frames 90 and 91, which are of ageneral triangular form, as shown, and placed onej'above the other. Thefiuting-rollers are shown at 92 and are mounted on transverse shafts 93.The

shafts in the two frames are not set directly above each other; but eachone is slightlyber 1 hind the corresponding shaft the other frame. Thefirst or foremost of these shafts is provided with asingle'fiutingroller. 94, 'and each of the succeeding shafts is provided withtwo fiuting-rollers, and the distance be tween saidrollers graduallyincreases, so that said rollers will successively grip thes'heet willgrip the sheet along its center while'the next two rollers are in thelower frame and slightly to the rear of as well as at the sides of thiscentral roller, so that they will'be nd the paper up at each side ofthecentral roller 94, thus forming a trough or groove in the paper anddrawing the. paperin from .f both edges. The next two rollersare againin the upper frame and slightly to the rearof and to each side of thetwo rollers last mentioned, so that they will press the paper in theopposite direction, giving it'anothe'r bend, and so on continuouslyuntil the entire width of the sheet has been fluted or corrugated. Tothe rear of these fiuting or corrugating; rolls each of the frames and91 is provided with a grooved roller 95, said rollers intermeshing, asindicated, so as to finally form the corrugated sheet and hold itinshape. As many of these fiuting devices will be employed as thenumber-of fluted sheets desired for the particular covering, and in Fig.21 I have shown five of such fiuting devices mounted in asuitableupright frame 96. The sheets to be fluted are brought from spools orrollers 97, supported in any suitable stand,

. the arms11 8'on the rock-shafts. onesofjthese rock -shafts arepreferably connected to separate eccentrics, as shown in Fig. 1 25,wherein eccentric is provided on each the devices, and thusprogressively given longitudlnal corrugations. In order to completethem, however, it is necessary to apply a strips are drawnoverpasting-rolls 100, and

thence into contact with the'fluted strip between the plain faced roller101 and the grooved roller 102, thereby pressingflthe gummed sheetagainst the fluted one. The

fluted sheets of the desired number are then led to the stitchingmechanism 4, being first passed between the guide-rollers 103. Thestrips of paper may be drawn from their spools and through the fiutingmechanism by the feed of the stitching mechanism heretofore described,or, if desired, the grooved rollers 95 or the plain and grooved rollers101 and 102 may. be positively driven to draw the sheets from the spoolsand through the fiuting and pasting mechanism.

The corruga'ting apparatus just described is not claimed in thisapplication, but is claimed in a divisional application hereof filedFebruary 23, 1904, Serial No. 194,807.

When I desire to form non-conducting coverings, partly of paper stripsand partly of loose fibrous materialsuch as hair, mineral wool,asbestos, and the like'I substitute for the spool-supporting frame 2suitable apparatus for spreading a layer of the fibrous mater ialandapplying covering-strips thereto. Such apparatus is shownin Figs. 24 and25. T he loose fibrous material is put into the hopper of arotary picker110, which is positively driven from any suitable source, as by thebelt-pulleys 111, and which will deliver such fibrous material in a thineven layer through the 'spout'112'upon an apron or belt 113, runningover a table 114. This apron or belt passes over the guide-rollersateach end.

of the table and is driven from any suitable source. Tocompactthefibrous material on belt, I'provide aseries of hammers 116, mounted onrock-shafts 1 17 extending transversely over the .ta'bleand; havingconnected thereto the arms ll8f,-which are actuated from any suitablesourcea's, for instance, eccentrics 119 on the picker-shaftwhicheccentrics are connected by suitable connecting-rods 120 to Alternateend of the picker-shaft, said eccentrics being preferably reverselyplaced, so that when one half of these hammers are raised the other halfwill be depressed, as shown in Fig. 24. These hammers alternately riseand fall and stamp or press the fibrous material upon the belt 113 tocompact the same. At theend of the table 114 is another table such asshown at 98, and are drawn through 1 121, at the forward end of whichare the guide-rollers 122. The strips of paper, canvas, or otherenveloping material are carried on spools or rollers 123, suitablysupported one above and the other below the table 121. From these spoolsthe layers of enveloping material are led over the guide-rollers 122,one on top of and the other below the layer of fibrous material beingfed forward by the apron or belt 113, and the combined fibrous materialand top and bottom enveloping strips are then led to the stitchingmechanism 1, which, as shown, is adapted to unite the enveloping stripsat the edges to inclose the fibrous filling and preferably also stitchthe same along the center. From this stitching mechanism the filledcovering passes through a pair of plain-faced rollers 127, which compactthe same, these rollers being adjustable, as by the screws 128. Fromthese rollers the combined layers pass to the forming mechanismheretofore described.

The operation of the apparatus will be readily gathered from theforegoing description. Suffice it to say that the strips of paper orother fibrous material are drawn from the rollers 1 and laid one uponthe other and then suitably secured together by the stitching mechanism4 and fed therethrough in a practically continuous course by thefeed-rollers 5 6. Thence they pass to the table 13 and when desired aremoistened by the spraypipes 23 or other convenient means and are thenbent into tubular form, as by the bell 25, through which they are drawnin an intermittent manner by the tongs 47, the space between thestitching mechanism and the table 13 permitting the continuous feedthrough the stitching mechanism and the intermediate drawing through thebell. After leaving the bell the tubular covering passes through thetube 31, as shown, and the bands or rings 32 by the mechanism describedare fed off the rear end of the tube 31 upon the tubular covering atsuitable intervals, say every foot. Said bands or rings hold thecovering in shape until dry and set and may also be used aspermanentfastenings. The tube is then cut into sections by the saw 7 3and rolled away to any desired point, where they are dried, whichcompletes the process.

It will be observed that the apparatus forms a tubular covering in aprogressive manner and is continuous for the entire length of the stripsand does not necessitate the stopping and removing of the coveringsection by section, as in the old. process, so that the output is verygreatly increased. At the same time the covering is formed with a singlelongitudinal joint, so that the resiliency of the material can beavailed of to hold the covering on the pipe, and especially is this truewhen the material has been dampened and then is afterward allowed to dryto give a permanent set thereto. The longitudinal joint, furthermore,will he usually out of line, due either to the feathering of the edgesof strips of the same width when coiled into a tube or by using stripsof varying widths or by laying the strips out of line, as shown, to formthe tongue and groove or other equivalent interlocking edges.

While I have described the invention for making tubularnon-heat-conducting coverings, I wish it understood that the inventioncan be applied in part for making these coverings of other form thantubular. I further Wish it understood that the apparatus can be used forthe manufacture of tubular articles other than non-heat-conductingcoverings and even for paper tubes generally, this being especially truewhere the double convolute bell shown in Figs. 16 to 19 is used, wherebythe strips of paper can be coiled into a double convolute tube, and if asuitable adhesive material is applied to the strips a tube Without jointwill be formed.

1ng mechanism arranged to unite the same along their longitudinalcenters, means for .bendlng the same to the desired form, and

mechanism for feeding the same longitudinally through the forming meansand thereby progressively bending the same to shape.

2. In apparatus for forming non-heatcon' ducting coverings of paper orother fibrous material, the combination with means for laying three ormore strips or layers of the fibrous material one upon the other, ofstitching mechanism for securing the same together, means for bendingthe same into the desired form, and mechanism for feeding the samelongitudinally through the forming means and thereby progressivelybending the same into shape.

3. In apparatus for forming tubular nonheat-conducting coverings ofpaper or other fibrous material, the combination with means for layingstrips or layers of the fibrous material one upon the other, ofstitching mechanism for securing the same together, a forming bell orfunnel, and mechanism for feed ing the combined layers through said bellor funnel and thereby progressively bending the same into tubular form.

1. In apparatus for forming non-heat-conducting coverings of paper orother fibrous material, the combination with means for laying three ormore strips or layers of the fibrous material one upon the other, ofstitching mechanism for uniting said layers, means for bending the sameto form mechanism for feeding the same longitudinally through thebending the same to shape, and means for cutting the same into sections.

5. In apparatus for forming tubular nonheat-conducting coverings ofpaper or other fibrous material, the combination with means for layingthree or more strips or layers of the fibrous material one upon theother, of stitching mechanism for uniting the same, a forming bell orfunnel, mechanism for feeding the strips longitudinally through saidbell or funnel and thereby progressively bending the same into tubularform, and means for cutting the same into sections.

6. In apparatus for forming tubular nonheat-conducting coverings ofpaper or other fibrous material, the combination with means for layingstrips or layers of the fibrous material one upon the other, ofstitching mechanism for uniting said layers, means for bending the sameinto the desired form, mechanism for intermittently feeding the samethrough said forming means and thereby progressively bending the sameinto tubular form, and means for cutting the same into sections.

7. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for laying strips of the fibrousmaterial one upon the other, of means for bending the same into tubularform, mecl a'nism for feeding the same longitudinally through thebending means and thereby progressively bending the same into tubularform, and mechanism for applying bands at intervals thereto.

8. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for laying strips of the fibrousmaterial one upon the other, of means for moistening the same, mechanismfor progressively bending the same into tubular form, and mechanism forapplying bands at intervals thereto.

9. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for laying strips of the fibrousmaterial one upon the other, of means for moistening one or more of saidstrips, mechanism for progressively bending the same into tubular form,and mechanism for applying bands at intervals thereto.

10. In apparatus for forming articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for laying strips or layers of thefibrous material one upon the other, of spraypipes projecting betweensaid strips for moistening the same, means for progressively bending themoistened strips to form, and means for holding them in this form untildry.

11. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for laying strips or layers of thefibrous material one upon the other, of stitching mechanism for unitingsaid strips,

feeding-rollers for moving said strips longitudinally, and means forprogressively bend ing the same into tubular form.

12. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for laying strips or layers of thefibrous material one upon the other, of stitching mechanism for unitingsaid strips, feeding-rollers for nfoving said strips longitudinallythrough said stitching mechanism, a bell for bending the strips intotubular form, and means for intermittently drawing said strips throughsaid bell and thereby progressively bending the same into tubular form.

13. In apparatus for forming articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for laying strips or layers of thefibrous material one upon the other, of stitching mechanism for unitingsaid strips, feeding-rollers for moving said strips through thestitching mechanism, and intermittently-operated mechanism forprogressively bending the united strips into form, the arrangement beingsuch as to accommodate the overfeed from the stitching mechanism.

14:. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for laying strips of the fibrousmaterial one upon the other, of means for progressively bending the sameinto tubular form, mechanism for applying bands thereto, and mechanismfor cutting the same into sections.

15. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for laying strips or layers of thefibrous material one upon'the other, of stitching mechanism for unitingthe same, a forming bell or funnel, mechanism for drawing the stripslongitudinally through said bell and thereby progressively bending thesame intotubular form, and mechanism for cutting the same into sections.

16. In apparatus for forming tubular articl es of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the com,-

bination with means for laying strips or layers of the fibrous materialone upon the other, stitching mechanism for uniting the same, means formoistening one or more of said strips, a forming bell or funnel,mechanism for drawing the same longitudinally through said bell andthereby bending the same into tubular form, and mechanism for applyingbands at intervals thereto.

17. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for laying strips or layers of saidmaterial one upon the other, of stitching mechanism for uniting saidstrips, a bell or funnel for bending the same into tubular form, meansfor intermittently drawing thesame longitudinally through said bell, andmechanism for cutting the saineinto sections.

18. In apparatus for forming nonheat-con' ducting coverings of paper orother fibrous IOC IOC

IIC

material, the combination with means for la ing strips or layers of thematerial one upon the other, of means for uniting the same, means forbending the same to form, the arrangement being such as to accommodatethe overt'eed from the uniting means, intermittently operated grippingmechanism for grasping the same and feeding it longitudi nally throughthe forming mechanism and 'thereby progressively forming the same toshape, and mechanism for cutting the same into sections.

19. In apparatus for forming tubular nonheat-conducting coverings ofpaper or other fibrous material, the combination with means for layingstrips or layers of the fibrous material one upon the other, of meansfor uniting the same, a hell or funnel for bending the same into tubularform, the arrangement being such as to accommodate the overfeed from theuniting mechanism, gripping mechanism for intermittently grasping thesame and drawing the same longitudinally through the bell and therebybending it into tubular form, and mechanism for cutting the same intosections.

20. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for laying strips or layers of thefibrous material one upon the other, of means for uniting the same, abell or funnel for bending the same into tubular form, mechanism forapplying bands at intervals thereto, and intermittently operatedgripping mechanism for grasping the tube and drawing the same throughthe bell.

21. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for laying strips or layers of thefibrous material one upon the other, of means for uniting the same, abell or funnel for bending the same into tubular form, mechanism forapplying bands at intervals thereto, interniittently-operating grippingmechanism for grasping the tube and drawing the same through said bell,and means for cutting the .tube into sections.

22. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the com bination with means for laying strips of the fibrousmaterial one upon the other, of means for uniting the same, means formoistening one or more of said strips, a bell or funnel for bending thesame into tubular form, mechanthe same through the forming means, andmechanism for moving the tongs back and forth and alternately openingand closing the same to grasp and release the article.

24:. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for laying strips or layers of thefibrous material one upon the other, of stitching mechanism for unitingsaid layers, a hell or funnel for bending the same into tubular form,tongs for grasping said tubular article and drawing the same through thebell, and mechanism for moving the tongs back and forth and alternatelyopening and closing the same to grasp and release the tubular article.

25. In apparatus for forming articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for bending a strip or strips ofthe fibrous material to form, tongs for engaging and drawing the samethrough the forming mechanism, a sprocket-chain, and a block or framethereon engaging the tong-levers, whereby when said block is carriedaround by the sprocket-chain it will alternately open and close thetongs.

26. In apparatus for forming articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for laying strips or layers of thefibrous material one upon the other, of means for bending the same toform, tongs for drawing the same through said forming means, a movablesaw for severing the same into sections, mechanism for movingxthe tongsback and forth and alternately opening and closing the same to grasp andrelease the article, and connections between said saw and tongs-movingmechanism.

27. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for laying strips or layers of thefibrous material one upon the other, of a bell or funnel for bending thesame into tubular form, tongs for drawing the same through said bell, amovable saw for severing the tubular article, mechanism for moving thetongs back and forth and alternately-opening and closing the same tograsp and release the tubular article, and connections between the sawand tongs-moving mechanism.

28. In apparatus for forming articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for progressively bending a stripor strips or layers of the fibrous material into shape,intermittently-acting mechanism for drawing the same through the formingmeans, a movable saw for cutting the same into sections, and connectionsbetween said saw and the intermittently-operating drawing mechanism.

29. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with a bell or funnel for bending strips ofthe fibrous material into tubular form, of tongs for intermittentlydrawing the same through said hell, a movable saw for cutting the sameinto sections, sprocket-chains, a frame or block on said chains andengaging the tong-levers for alternately opening and closing the sameand moving the sameback and forth, and connections between saidsprocketchains and the saw-frame.

30. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with a bell or funnel for bending strips ofthe fibrous material into tubular form, of tongs for intermittentlydrawing the same through said bell, a movable saw for 01%- ting the sameinto sections, sprocl et-chains for moving said tongs back and forth andalternately opening and closing the same, a pivoted lever, connectionsbetween the same and the sprocket-chains, and a rope or the likeconnecting said lever to the saw for moving the same across the path ofthe tubular article.

31. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for progressively bending stripsof'the fibrous material into tubular form, of a tu be through which thesame is drawn, bands or rings on said tube, and mechanism forintermittently pushing said bands or rings ofi the tube and onto thetubular article.

32. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for bending strips of I the fibrousmaterial into tubular form, of a tube through which the same is'drawn,bands or rings on said tube, a driven screw and a frame or bracketengaged by said screw and engaging the bands or rings for pushing thesame off the tube and onto the tubular article.

33. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with a bell for bending strips of the fibrousmaterial into tubular form, of in-, termittently-actuated mechanism forgrasping the tube and drawing the same through said bell, and atraveling mandrel in said tube and in position to be grasped by thefeeding mechanism.

34:. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with a bell, of tongs for grasping the tubeand drawing the same through the bell, mechanism for moving said tongsback and'forth, a traveling mandrel in the tube in position to begrasped by the tongs, and connections between the mandrel and thetongsoperating mechanism.

35. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for progressively bending strips ofthe fibrous material intotubular form, inclined supports, means forprogressively feeding the same forward onto said supports, and a saw forsevering the same into sections when supported on said table, wherebythe sections will roll away.

36. In apparatus for forming tubular articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with means for laying strips of the fibrousmaterial one upon the other, of means for progressively bending the sameinto tubular form, and guides in advance of said bending means arrangedto engage the edges of the strips and guide the same, one or both ofsaid guides being provided with grooves to allow a wider strip to pass.

37. In apparatus for forming articles of paper or other fibrousmaterial, the combination with suitable supports for strips of thefibrous material, of mechanism for longitudinally corrugating or flutingone or more thereof, means for uniting said strips, and means forprogressively bending the same into form.

38. In apparatus for forming tubular nonheat-conducting coverings ofpaper or other fibrous material, the combination with means for layingstrips or layers of the fibrous material one upon the other, stitchingmechanism for uniting said strips, means for pasting a canvas or othersheathing-strip to said united strips, means for bending the combinedstrips into tubular form, and mechanism for drawingthe samelongitudinally through said forming means and thereby progressivelybending the same into tubular form.

In testimony whereof I, the said JOHN A. MOOONNELL, have hereunto set myhand.

JOHN A. MOCONNELL.

Witnesses:

RO ERT C. TOTTEN, F. W. WINTER.

